On December 3, 2024, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol declared martial law, a rare and serious action where the military takes control over normal government functions. He claimed this was necessary due to “anti-state activities” by opposition parties and alleged threats from North Korea. This move surprised many and led to immediate protests and political turmoil.

What is Martial Law?

Martial law is when the military temporarily takes over the administration of government functions, usually during emergencies like war or severe civil unrest. Under martial law, normal laws can be suspended, and military authorities can enforce laws directly. This can include curfews, restrictions on gatherings, and control over the media.

Why Did President Yoon Declare Martial Law?

President Yoon stated that opposition parties were engaging in activities that threatened the country’s democracy and accused them of collaborating with North Korea. He also faced declining approval ratings and political gridlock, which may have influenced his decision. However, he did not provide specific evidence to support these claims.

How Did People React?

The declaration was met with widespread criticism. Both opposition leaders and members of President Yoon’s own party opposed the move, calling it undemocratic. Citizens protested in the streets, and the National Assembly (South Korea’s parliament) held an emergency session, voting unanimously to cancel the martial law declaration. Under South Korean law, the president must lift martial law if the National Assembly votes against it.

What Happened Next?

Following the National Assembly’s vote, President Yoon lifted the martial law declaration within six hours. Despite this, the situation has led to calls for his impeachment and raised concerns about the stability of South Korea’s democracy. The incident has also caused economic instability, affecting the country’s stock market and currency value.

Key Questions:

1. What is martial law, and when is it typically declared?
2. Why did President Yoon declare martial law in December 2024?
3. How did the National Assembly respond to the martial law declaration?
4. What were the public’s reactions to the declaration of martial law?
5. What are the potential consequences of this incident for South Korea’s political future?

Vocabulary:

• Martial Law: A temporary rule by military authorities, imposed during emergencies when civilian government is unable to function.
• National Assembly: The legislative body of South Korea, similar to a parliament.
• Impeachment: A process by which a legislative body charges a government official with misconduct.
• Approval Ratings: Measurements of public support for a political figure or institution.
• Political Gridlock: A situation where there is little to no progress in government decision-making due to opposing parties blocking each other’s proposals.